The mid-century period saw a decisive shift toward integrated fetal-to-neonatal care, with pioneering fetal interventions and systematic improvements in newborn support. Notably, intrauterine transfusion to treat fetal Rh hemolytic disease established fetal therapy as a viable clinical option and catalyzed the development of maternal–fetal medicine. Controlled incubator temperature studies improved outcomes for preterm infants and laid the foundations of modern neonatal intensive care unit thermal management, while the adoption of an objective five-parameter birth score enabled rapid assessment and standardized neonatal evaluation.